Emile Zola France

Emile Zola France was one of the most prominent French novelists known for his theories of naturalism and his political activities. Emile Zola was born on April 2, 1840, in Paris. He was a novelist, critic, and political activist, and is one of the most important novelists of late nineteenth-century France. He is known for his naturalistic theories.

Life
Although Zola was born in Paris in 1840, he spent most of his youth in Aix-en-Provence in the south of France. His father was an urban engineer there and worked on a project to build an urban water supply system. The father died in 1847, leaving his wife and son alone in financial trouble. Zola was a classmate of the famous painter Paul Cézanne, who later joined him in Paris and was introduced to the Impressionist group of painters. The need to continue his education was rejected. He was finally forced to work in 1859. Zola spends most of the next two years in unemployment and extreme poverty, and they make a living by mortgaging his property. There is also an unconfirmed story that he claims to have lived by hunting sparrows by the window. Finally, in 1862, Zola became the secretary of a publishing house called “L. F. L.C.F. Hachette was hired and soon promoted to the advertising department. Zola began writing articles on the hot topics of the day for various newspapers in order to earn a living and make an impact in the literary world. He also continued to write stories that he had been interested in since ancient times. In 1865, Zola published his first novel, Claude Confessions. The story, which had something to do with Zola’s real life, caught the attention of the public and the police, and even the dissatisfaction of his employer. Of course, he, who had stabilized his position as an author, could financially support himself and his mother, and to pursue his interest in the world of literature, he left his profession at Asht Publishing.

The following year Zola pursued a career in journalism and published two more novels, Thérèse Raquin and Madeleine Férat. The first novel was a dark story of murder and subsequent events that is still relevant, and the second was a failed attempt to apply the principles of inheritance to the novel. Zola’s interest in science led him to the idea of ​​a larger series of novels, similar to Balzac’s “Human Comedy,” in the fall of 1868. Zola’s project originally consisted of 10 novels, each of which was a different member of a family, and gradually evolved into 20 volumes called Rougon-Macquart. Published serially in 1870. The series coincided with the start of the Franco-German War in July and was finally postponed until October of the following year. Zola continued to produce these twenty novels and was able to complete his collection by publishing one novel a year until 1893. In the 1860s and 1970s, Zola also defended Cézanne and the Impressionists in newspaper articles. During this period he was one of the ever-present members of painters’ weekly sessions in various studios and cafes. It was during this period that artistic theories and the potential relationships between them were vigorously debated. Of course, the friendship between Zola and Cézanne and other artists was irreversibly damaged by the publication of the novel “Masterpiece” in 1886. The novel depicts the life of an innovative painter who is unable to realize his creative potential and eventually confronts his latest painter. Cézanne in particular saw the novel as a superficial shift in his temperament and talent, and his relationship with Zola was ruined forever.

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In 1870, Zola married Gabrielle-Alexandrine Meley, who had been his best friend for five years. The young couple cared for Zola’s mother. In the early 1970s, Zola expanded his literary connections, regularly appearing with Gustav Flaubert, Edmund Goncourt, Alphonse Dode, Ivan Turgenev, and all the other successful theater novelists. From 1878, Zola’s house in Médan, on the banks of the Seine, not far from Paris, hosted a gathering of his disciples, among whom we can go to Guy de Maupassant. And Jury-Carl Hoysmann. Together in 1880, they published a collection of short stories called The Nights of Madonna. And “naturalist novelists.” Naturalism involves the application of two scientific principles in the literature: ‌ One is the belief that personality, creation, and ultimately behavior are all shaped by the coercive force of heredity, environment, and history, and the other is an empirical method that requires impartial recording of accurate information in a controlled environment.

Rogun Macar
Although Zola has 60 volumes of fiction, theory, critique, and journalism in her forty-year resume, she is best known for her 20-volume collection of Rogun Macar. This collection depicts the natural and social history of families during the Second Empire. As the title suggests, in this series the naturalistic goal of showing the decisive effects of inheritance is achieved by following the lives of the various members of the three branches of the Rogun family. The importance of a historical moment was also demonstrated by limiting the activity of the novels to a historical period from 1852 to 1870, which coincided with the reign of Napoleon III. Finally, Zola examines the impact of the environment by diversifying the social, economic, and professional spheres.

Heritage
Zola’s novels had a profound effect on twentieth-century Western literature. His novels, with their stunning combination of image and motion, were also a pioneer in moving imagery. Most of all, Zola’s writings portrayed social injustices. In his writings, he emphasized his firm belief that through individual and collective action, the human condition can be improved.

Emile Zola was born in 1840 in Paris, France.
He spent most of his youth in X, and from there met the painter Paul Cézanne.
He completed his education in Paris and failed the diploma exam twice.
The early years of his independent life were marked by poverty and hardship.
Zola began his career as a publishing secretary and then moved on to journalism and continued his work as a writer.
Over the years, he has published a collection of famous novels called Rogun Makar, which is considered to be some of his best-known works.
Zola has always protested against social injustices.
He was the founder of the naturalism movement in literature, which believed that heredity and the environment play a very decisive role in people’s lives and behavior.
Zola died unexpectedly from coal poisoning in his home.